Module 4

 

 

The Internet

 

I. History of the internet

II. TCP/IP protocol Architecture

a. Network Access Layer

b. Internet Layer

c. Transport Layer

d. Application Layer

III. Delivering data through the Internet

IV. Addressing

V. Internet Routing

VI. Delivering data to the users

VII. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

VIII. Hypertext Transfer protocol

IX. Domain Name System

X. Routing Information Protocol

 

In 1969, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of

the United States of America funded a research and development

projects to create an Experimental packet switching network, called

ARPANET, and developed many modern data communication techniques that are

still being used today. In 1983, the ARPANET was divided into MILNET, the

unclassified part of the original ARPANET, and a new smaller ARPANET. The term

Internet was then used to refer to MILNET plus the new ARPANET. ARPANET

folded up in 1990, but the word internet is still being used today to mean the

world Internet is still being used today to mean the world wide collection of

interconnected networks which grew out of APARNET.

 

Synonyms with the Internet are TCP/ IP. TCP/ IP is an entire package of

data communication protocols. It gets its name from two of many protocols

(TCP) and the internet protocol (IP). TCP/ IP was developed after ARPANET was

operational, and was later adopted as Military Standards in 1983. Since then

networks connected to the ARPANET were required to convert to TCP/IP. Now,

the internet is a worldwide collection if interconnected networks that uses TCP/IP

to connect various physical networks into a single logical network. In short, TCP/

IP is required for Internet connection.

 

TCP / IP is very popular because of the following features:

 

1. It adopts open protocol standards. TCP / IP is freely available and

developed independently from any specific computer hardware or

operating system

 

2. It is independent of specific physical network hardware. TCP/ IP can be

used to integrate many different kinds of networks like Ethernet, token

ring, dial- up line, X.25 net and virtually any other kind of physical

transmission media.

 

Aside from TCP/ IP, this module will also discuss protocols at the

application layer. Some pf these protocols are: Network Terminal Protocol

(telnet), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Domain Name System

(DNS), and Routing Information Protocol (RIP).

 

Objectives:

 

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 

1. Discuss the different Protocols under TCP/ IP;

2. Discuss the different Layers in the TCP/ IP, Protocol architecture. And

3. Explain how data are delivered from a source computer to a destination

computer.